唇裂Ⅱ期鼻畸形修复术后患者佩戴硅胶鼻模初始时间的探讨

目的探索唇裂Ⅱ期鼻畸形修复术后患者佩戴硅胶鼻模适宜的初始时间。方法选取我科唇部整形门诊2016年3月-2018年1月收治的鼻修复手术的47例唇裂Ⅱ期鼻畸形患者,根据患者门诊号的奇偶数分为观察组(25例)和对照组(22例),观察组于术后拆线日起佩戴硅胶鼻模,对照组于术后即刻佩戴硅胶鼻模。比较两组术后即刻、术后6个月患者和手术医生对鼻部外型满意度;比较两组术后拆线日切口愈合恢复情况及患者自我清洁能力和舒适度。结果术后即刻、术后6个月患者和手术医生对鼻部外型满意度比较两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。伤口愈合率、患者自我清洁能力和舒适度观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术后拆线日开始佩戴硅胶鼻模,既不影响术后鼻部外型的巩固与维持,又有利于患者的自我护理和观察,改善术后早期舒适度的体验,有利于伤口愈合,增加手术成功率。     

基金平衡视角下城乡居民基本医疗保险缴费调整方案研究

目的:通过分析使城乡居民医保基金维持收支平衡的缴费率和缴费调整方案,为城乡居民医保制度可持续发展和建立科学的筹资机制提供理论和数据支撑。方法:基于社会保险精算理论构建缴费率调整模型,对预测期内维持基金收支平衡的费率进行测算和分析。结果:(1)调整缴费率是实现城乡居民医保基金在预测期内平稳运行的关键。但相较一次性费率调整方案,渐进式调整方案对基金的年度压力更小,也更易于实施;(2)在上一步基础上引入控制措施或者提高补偿水平,均将影响预测期内基金的运行情况。并且,随着"全面二孩"生育意愿的提高,这种影响也更明显。结论:维持基金平稳运行,需建立科学的筹资机制,但同时应结合控制不合理医疗费用上涨和适度提高医疗补偿水平等措施。     

Insulin-like growth factor 1 partially rescues early developmental defects caused by SHANK2 knockdown in human neurons

SHANK2 is a scaffold protein that serves as a protein anchor at the postsynaptic density in neurons. Genetic variants of SHANK2 are strongly associated with synaptic dysfunction and the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Recent studies indicate that early neuronal developmental defects play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, and that insulin-like growth factor 1 has a positive effect on neurite development. To investigate the effects of SHANK2 knockdown on early neuronal development, we generated a sparse culture system using human induced pluripotent stem cells, which then differentiated into neural progenitor cells after 3–14 days in culture, and which were dissociated into single neurons. Neurons in the experimental group were infected with shSHANK2 lentivirus carrying a red fluorescent protein reporter(shSHANK2 group). Control neurons were infected with scrambled sh Control lentivirus carrying a red fluorescent protein reporter(sh Control group). Neuronal somata and neurites were reconstructed based on the lentiviral red fluorescent protein signal. Developmental dendritic and motility changes in VGLUT1~+ glutamatergic neurons and TH+ dopaminergic neurons were then evaluated in both groups. Compared with sh Control VGLUT1~+ neurons, the dendritic length and arborizations of shSHANK2 VGLUT1~+ neurons were shorter and fewer, while cell soma speed was higher. Furthermore, dendritic length and arborization were significantly increased after insulin-like growth factor 1 treatment of shSHANK2 neurons, while cell soma speed remained unaffected. These results suggest that insulin-like growth factor 1 can rescue morphological defects, but not the change in neuronal motility. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SHANK2 deficiency perturbs early neuronal development, and that IGF1 can partially rescue the neuronal defects caused by SHANK2 knockdown. All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University, China(approval No. 20170228010) on February 28, 2017.     

Population Balance Model for Simulation of the Supersaturation–Precipitation Behavior of Drugs in Supersaturable Solid Forms

We developed a simulation method to describe in vitro drug concentration?time profiles under supersaturated conditions. In a nonsink dissolution test of carbamazepine polymorphic form III (CBZ_III), a model supersaturable solid, the concentration of carbamazepine reached a supersaturated state against its dihydrate form (CBZ_DH). After a certain period, de-supersaturation due to the precipitation of CBZ_DH was observed. In the simulation of this typical dissolution?precipitation profile, the precipitation process of CBZ_DH was simulated by a population balance model in which the rates of primary/secondary nucleation and growth of CBZ_DH were considered. Six rate constants in the precipitation model were determined from de-supersaturation profiles in unseeded isothermal crystallization experiments of CBZ_DH. The dissolution process of CBZ_III was modeled on the basis of its dissolution profile under a sink condition. The simulated concentration versus time curves satisfactorily reproduced the characteristics of dissolution, supersaturation, and precipitation behavior of the model drug. The presented method will enable rational design of formulations and accurate prediction of the oral absorbability of drugs in supersaturable solid forms.     

Response of the Axial Skeleton to Bipedal Loading Behaviors in an Experimental Animal Model

Many derived aspects of modern human axial skeletal morphology reflect our reliance on obligate bipedal locomotion. Insight into the adaptive significance of features, particularly in the spine, has been gained through experimental studies that induce bipedal standing or walking in quadrupedal mammals. Using an experimental animal model (Rattus norvegicus), the present study builds on earlier work by incorporating additional metrics of the cranium, employing quantitative methods established in the paleoanthropological literature, and exploring how variation in mechanical loading regimes impacts axial anatomy. Rats were assigned to one of five experimental groups, including “fully loaded bipedal walking,” “partially loaded bipedal walking,” “standing bipedally,” “quadrupedal walking,” and “no exercise control,” and engaged in the behavior over 12-weeks. From μCT data obtained at the beginning and end of the experiment, we measured foramen magnum position and orientation, lumbar vertebral body wedging, cranial surface area of the lumbar and first sacral vertebral bodies, and sacral mediolateral width. Results demonstrate that bipedal rodents generally have more anteriorly positioned foramina magna, more dorsally wedged lumbar vertebrae, greater articular surface areas of lumbar and first sacral vertebral bodies, and sacra that exhibit greater mediolateral widths, compared to quadrupedal rodents. We further document variation among bipedal loading behavior groups (e.g., bipedal standing vs. walking). Our experimental animal model reveals how loading behaviors and adaptations may be specifically linked, and implicates a potential role for developmental plasticity in the evolutionary acquisition of bipedal adaptations in the hominin lineage. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.     

先天性膈疝患儿产后五种评分模型的初步探索

目的探索先天性膈疝(congenital diaphragmatic hernia,CDH)患儿产后5种评分模型对预后的评估效能及其应用。方法回顾性分析1992年9月至2018年2月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的先天性膈疝新生儿共126例,均经产前超声、产后X线影像、手术或病理确诊,其中>28 d入院的CDH患儿45例,产前诊断后引产或流产患儿16例,此61例患儿不纳入本研究,余65例符合入组标准,纳入研究,入组65例。将入组患儿根据预后情况分为存活组和死亡组。收集所有入组患儿产后临床指标数据,代入5种评分模型中(包括SNAP-Ⅱ、Brindle、CDHSG、WHSRpf和BOI-d1评分),分别对整体分值、分度病情和两两联合三部分内容进行统计学分析,选出最适合的评估模型。结果整体分值:SNAP-Ⅱ在这5个评分模型中准确性及拟合度最高(AUC为0.813)。病情分度:SNAP-Ⅱ和Brindle评估准确性较好(AUC分别为0.803和0.725),SNAP-Ⅱ准确性高于Brindle。两两联合:SNAP-Ⅱ+Brindle联合模型的准确性和拟合度最好(AUC为0.841,H-Lp值为0.737)。结论产后5种评分模型中SNAP-Ⅱ的评估效能最好,其次为Brindle,可用于目前CDH患儿的预后评估,进而指导临床诊疗。     

基于Faster-RCNN的肺结节检测算法

针对目前的肺结节检测中存在的个体差异、同病异影、同影异病的问题,提出一种大样本条件下的基于Faster-RCNN的肺结节检测算法,对比研究目前的深度学习模型的适应性,给出一种通用的随着样本数量增加肺结节检测率持续提升的策略。首先搭建深度学习的软硬件环境,设置影像数据接口与Faster-RCNN的网络接口匹配;然后搭建Faster-RCNN的单类分类网络,并对网络结构的参数进行调整优化;最后用包含2 000例病人的肺结节数据集,通过不同的卷积神经网络模型 (包括ZF和VGG),计算CT图像在各自模型中的特征。对测试结果进行分析评估,分别统计其漏检率、检测准确率,并探讨不同训练数量和数据增广类型对最终检测准确率的影响。最终ZF模型的检测准确率为90.82%,准确率的波动方差为13.30%;VGG模型的检测准确率为87.02%,准确率的波动方差为37.10%。ZF模型的波动方差小,检测精确度高,综合考虑,ZF模型对肺结节的检测效果优于VGG模型的检出效果。所提出的肺结节检测技术具有良好的理论价值和工程应用价值。